Research

As the national university, we champion and support innovative research that addresses the country’s most pressing challenges.

16 Oct 2025

There is a deep connection between a person’s belief and the evidence that supports it

This paper presents a way to define and test whether someone is justified in holding a belief, using an example...

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15 Oct 2025

Neurosurgery residents outperform ChatGPT in answering board examination-like questions

Large language models such as ChatGPT have been used in different fields of medical education. This study aimed to review...

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13 Oct 2025

Those who start smoking at a younger age are likely to become more frequent and heavier smokers later in life

Understanding the relationship between age at smoking initiation and later smoking intensity is crucial for assessing future health consequences of...

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08 Oct 2025

Study finds significant gaps in menstrual hygiene management across six global cities, including Manila

The study “Exploring the Availability and Accessibility of Menstrual Friendly Public Toilets (MFPTs) in Urban Spaces” examines public toilet facilities...

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24 Sep 2025

Supplements can enhance the textural and nutritional qualities of rice

This study looked at how adding supplements like rapeseed oil, dried wasabi powder, and dried chili pepper powder changes the...

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23 Sep 2025

Economic reasons are a significant factor why microentrepreneurs remain in flood-prone areas

The number of establishments (89% of the total establishments in the Philippines) and people employed by micro enterprises makes it...

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04 Sep 2025

What does queerness mean to a young Filipino student in another Southeast Asian country? A novel’s chapter explores it.

In the chapter “New Boy”, Pau, a Filipino exchange student from Tagum City, attends classes in photography and Thai arts...

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03 Sep 2025

In the Philippines, we share a long-standing connection with pigs both archaeologically and culturally

Pigs play a very significant role in our society. They are not only seen as a food source but also...

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02 Sep 2025

Media representations of the minority groups of Moros and Chinese served colonial goals

Nation-building remains an important post-colonial project in the Philippines, as evidenced by the continued relevance of the mandatory Rizal courses,...

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29 Aug 2025

Smoking is a core part of the identity and community life of agricultural workers

Smoking is considered a serious health threat, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several studies...

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28 Aug 2025

PH reproductive health law needs to better address contraceptive access for lower-income women

The implementation of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law represents a major policy shift aimed at increasing access to...

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27 Aug 2025

Despite centuries of stigma, babywearing survives as a marginalized practice turned into a trend

For centuries, Indigenous communities in the Philippines and around the world have used baby carriers and slings to help them...

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Research

This paper presents a way to define and test whether someone is justified in holding a belief, using an example from contemporary epistemology known as Gettier’s Case I. On the theoretical side, it suggests that, contrary to common interpretations, the person in this example might not actually be justified in their belief. The key idea is that a person’s belief and the evidence that they have for that belief are deeply connected. In other words, we cannot properly evaluate the belief on its own; we must also consider the evidence supporting it. On the more practical side, it provides step-by-step instructions, like a computer program, to help determine whether a person’s belief is justified or not.

This research is significant because it challenges long-standing assumptions about what it means for an epistemic agent to be justified in believing a particular proposition, offering a fresh perspective on a classic problem in contemporary epistemology. By providing a clear definition of epistemic justification and a pseudocode algorithm, the paper bridges the gap between abstract philosophical concepts and concrete methods for analysis. The application of this framework to Gettier’s Case I highlights potential flaws in traditional interpretations, emphasizing the inseparability of a belief and its evidential basis. This approach not only deepens our understanding of epistemic justification but also opens the door to more rigorous evaluations of knowledge claims in both philosophy and related fields, such as artificial intelligence and cognitive science.

Author: John Ian K. Boongaling (Department of Philosophy, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines Diliman)

Read the full paper: https://hrcak.srce.hr/en/323129